Metered dose inhaler for fluticasone propionate

ABSTRACT

A metered dose inhaler having all or part of its internal surfaces coated with one or more fluorocarbon polymers, optimally in combination with one or more non-fluorocarbon polymers, for dispensing an inhalation drug formation comprising fluticasone propionate or a physiologically acceptable solvate thereof and a fluorocarbon propellant, optionally in combination with one or more other pharmacologically active agents or one or more excipients.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/356,591 filed on Feb. 3, 2003, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/570,725 filed on May 15, 2000, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/829,562 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,253,762) filed on Mar. 31, 1997, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/584,859 filed on Jan. 5, 1996 (now abandoned), which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/422,111 filed on Apr. 14, 1995 (now abandoned). application Ser. No. 08/829,562 is also a continuation of PCT International Application No. PCT/US96/05006 filed Apr. 10, 1996, which designated the United States, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/584,859 filed on Jan. 5, 1996 (now abandoned), which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/422,111 filed on Apr. 14, 1995 (now abandoned). The entire contents of each of the above-identified applications are hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Drugs for treating respiratory and nasal disorders are frequently administered in aerosol formulations through the mouth or nose. One widely used method for dispensing such aerosol drug formulations involves making a suspension formulation of the drug as a finely divided powder in a liquefied gas known as a propellant. The suspension is stored in a sealed container capable of withstanding the pressure required to maintain the propellant as a liquid. The suspension is dispersed by activation of a dose metering valve affixed to the container.

[0003] A metering valve may be designed to consistently release a fixed, predetermined mass of the drug formulation upon each activation. As the suspension is forced from the container through the dose metering valve by the high vapor pressure of the propellant, the propellant rapidly vaporizes leaving a fast moving cloud of very fine particles of the drug formulation. This cloud of particles is directed into the nose or mouth of the patient by a channeling device such as a cylinder or open-ended cone. Concurrently with the activation of the aerosol dose metering valve, the patient inhales the drug particles into the lungs or nasal cavity. Systems of dispensing drugs in this way are known as “metered dose inhalers” (MDIs). See Peter Byron, Respiratory Drug Delivery, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. (1990), for a general background on this form of therapy.

[0004] Patients often rely on medication delivered by MDIs for rapid treatment of respiratory disorders which are debilitating and in some cases, even life threatening. Therefore, it is essential that the prescribed dose of aerosol medication delivered to the patient consistently meet the specifications claimed by the manufacturer and comply with the requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities. That is, every dose in the can must be the same within close tolerances.

[0005] Some aerosol drugs tend to adhere to the inner surfaces, i.e., walls of the can, valves, and caps, of the MDI. This can lead to the patient getting significantly less than the prescribed amount of drug upon each activation of the MDI. The problem is particularly acute with hydrofluoroalkane (also known as simply “fluorocarbon”) propellant systems, e.g., P134a and P227, under development in recent years to replace chlorofluorocarbons such as P11, P114 and P12.

[0006] We have found that coating the interior can surfaces of MDIs with a fluorocarbon polymer significantly reduces or essentially eliminates the problem of adhesion or deposition of fluticasone propionate on the can walls and thus ensures consistent delivery of medication in aerosol from the MDI.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] A metered dose inhaler having part or all of its internal surfaces coated with one or more fluorocarbon polymers, optionally in combination with one or more non-fluorocarbon polymers, for dispensing an inhalation drug formulation comprising fluticasone propionate, or a physiologically acceptable solvate thereof, and a fluorocarbon propellant optionally in combination with one or more other pharmacologically active agents or one or more excipients.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The term “metered dose inhaler” or “MDI” means a unit comprising a can, a crimped cap covering the mouth of the can, and a drug metering valve situated in the cap, while the term “MDI system” also includes a suitable channeling device.

[0009] The term “MDI can” means the container without the cap and valve. The term “drug metering valve” or “MDI valve” refers to a valve and its associated mechanisms which delivers a predetermined amount of drug formulation from an MDI upon each activation. The channeling device may comprise, for example, an actuating device for the valve and a cylindrical or cone-like passage through which medicament may be delivered from the filled MDI can via the MDI valve to the nose or mouth of a patient, e.g., a mouthpiece actuator. The relation of the parts of a typical MDI is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,538, incorporated herein by reference.

[0010] The term “fluorocarbon polymers” means a polymer in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon chain have been replaced by fluorine atoms. Thus, “fluorocarbon polymers” include perfluorocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon, chlorofluorocarbon, hydrochlorofluoro-carbon polymers or other halogen substituted derivatives thereof. The “fluorocarbon polymers” may be branched, homo-polymers or co-polymers.

[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 4,335,121, incorporated herein by reference, teaches an antiinflammatory steroid compound known by the chemical name [(6a, 11b, 16a, 17a)-6, 9-difluoro-11-hydroxy-16-methyl-3-oxo-17-(1-oxopropoxy)-androsta-1,4-diene-17-carbothioic acid, S-fluoromethyl ester and the generic name “fluticasone propionate”. Fluticasone propionate in aerosol form, has been accepted by the medical community as useful in the treatment of asthma and is marketed under the trademarks “Flovent” and “Flonase”. Fluticasone propionate may also be used in the form of a physiologically acceptable solvate.

[0012] The term “drug formulation” means fluticasone propionate (or a physiologically acceptable solvate thereof) optionally in combination with one or more other pharmacologically active agents such as other antiinflammatory agents, analgesic agents or other respiratory drugs and optionally containing one or more excipients, and a fluorocarbon propellant. The term “excipients” as used herein means chemical agents having little or no pharmacological activity (for the quantities used) but which enhance the drug formulation or the performance of the MDI system. For example, excipients include but are not limited to surfactants, preservatives, flavorings, antioxidants, antiaggregating agents, and cosolvents, e.g., ethanol and diethyl ether.

[0013] Suitable surfactants are generally known in the art, for example, those surfactants disclosed in European Patent Application No. 0 327 777. The amount of surfactant employed is desirably in the range of 0.0001% to 50% weight to weight ratio relative to the drug, in particular 0.05 to 5% weight to weight ratio. A particularly useful surfactant is 1,2-di [7-(F-hexyl) hexanoyl]-glycero-3-phospho-N,N,N-trimethyl-ethanolamine also known as 3,5,9-trioxa-4-phosphadocosan-1-aminium, 17,17,18,18,19,19,20,20,21,21,22,22,22-trideca-fluoro-7-[(8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,13-tri-decafluoro-1-oxotridecyl)oxy]-4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-10-oxo-, inner salt, 4-oxide.

[0014] A polar cosolvent such as C₂₋₆ aliphatic alcohols and polyols e.g., ethanol, isopropanol and propylene glycol, preferably ethanol, may be included in the drug formulation in the desired amount, either as the only excipient or in addition to other excipients such as surfactants. Suitably, the drug formulation may contain 0.01 to 5% w/w based on the propellant of a polar cosolvent e.g., ethanol, preferably 0.1 to 5% w/w, e.g., about 0.1 to 1% w/w.

[0015] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the drug formulation for use in the invention may, if desired, contain fluticasone propionate (or a physiologically acceptable solvate thereof) in combination with one or more other pharmacologically active agents. Such medicaments may be selected from any suitable drug useful in inhalation therapy. Appropriate medicaments may thus be selected from, for example, analgesics, e.g., codeine, dihydromorphine, ergotamine, fentanyl or morphine; anginal preparations, e.g., diltiazem; antiallergics, e.g., cromoglycate, ketotifen or nedocromil; antiinfectives, e.g., cephalosporins, penicillins, streptomycin, sulphonamides, tetracyclines and pentamidine; antihistamines, e.g., methapyrilene; anti-inflammatories, e.g., beclomethasone (e.g., the dipropionate), flunisolide, budesonide, tipredane or triamcinolone acetonide; antitussives, e.g., noscapine; bronchodilators, e.g., salbutamol, salmeterol, ephedrine, adrenaline, fenoterol, formoterol, isoprenaline, metaproterenol, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pirbuterol, reproterol, rimiterol, terbutaline, isoetharine, tulobuterol, orciprenaline, or (−)-4-amino-3,5-dichloro-α-[[[6-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]hexyl]amino]methyl]benzene-methanol; diuretics, e.g., amiloride; anticholinergics, e.g., ipratropium, atropine or oxitropium; hormones, e.g., cortisone, hydrocortisone or prednisolone; xanthines, e.g., aminophylline, choline theophyllinate, lysine theophyllinate or theophylline; and therapeutic proteins and peptides, e.g., insulin or glucagon. It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that, where appropriate, the medicaments may be used in the form of salts (e.g., as alkali metal or amine salts or as acid addition salts) or as esters (e.g., lower alkyl esters) or as solvates (e.g., hydrates) to optimize the activity and/or stability of the medicament and/or to minimize the solubility of the medicament in the propellant.

[0016] Particularly preferred drug formulations contain fluticasone propionate (or a physiologically acceptable solvate thereof) in combination with a bronchodilator such as salbutamol (e.g., as the free base or the sulphate salt) or salmeterol (e.g., as the xinafoate salt).

[0017] A particularly preferred drug combination is fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate. “Propellants” used herein mean pharmacologically inert liquids with boiling points from about room temperature (25° C.) to about −25° C. which singly or in combination exert a high vapor pressure at room temperature. Upon activation of the MDI system, the high vapor pressure of the propellant in the MDI forces a metered amount of drug formulation out through the metering valve. Then the propellant very rapidly vaporizes dispersing the drug particles. The propellants used in the present invention are low boiling fluorocarbons; in particular, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane also known as “propellant 134a” or “P134a” and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-n-propane also known as “propellant 227” or “P227”.

[0018] Drug formulations for use in the invention may be free or substantially free of formulation excipients, e.g., surfactants and cosolvents, etc. Such drug formulations are advantageous since they may be substantially taste and odor free, less irritant and less toxic than excipient-containing formulations. Thus, a preferred drug formulation consists essentially of fluticasone propionate, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with one or more other pharmacologically active agents particularly salmeterol (e.g., in the form of the xinafoate salt), and a fluorocarbon propellant. Preferred propellants are 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-n-propane or mixtures thereof, and especially 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.

[0019] Further drug formulations for use in the invention may be free or substantially free of surfactant. Thus, a further preferred drug formulation comprises or consists essentially of albuterol (or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof), optionally in combination with one or more other pharmacologically active agents, a fluorocarbon propellant and 0.01 to 5% w/w based on the propellant of a polar cosolvent, which formulation is substantially free of surfactant. Preferred propellants are 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-n-propane or mixtures thereof, and especially 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-n-propane.

[0020] Most often the MDI can and cap are made of aluminum or an alloy of aluminum, although other metals not affected by the drug formulation, such as stainless steel, an alloy of copper or tin plate, may be used. An MDI can may also be fabricated from glass or plastic. Preferably, however, the MDI cans employed in the present invention are made of aluminium or an alloy thereof. Advantageously, strengthened aluminium or aluminum alloy MDI cans may be employed. Such strengthened MDI cans are capable of withstanding particularly stressful coating and curing conditions, e.g., particularly high temperatures, which may be required for certain fluorocarbon polymers. Strengthened MDI cans which have a reduced tendency to malform under high temperatures include MDI cans comprising side walls and a base of increased thickness and MDI cans comprising a substantially ellipsoidal base (which increases the angle between the side walls and the base of the can), rather than the hemispherical base of standard MDI cans. MDI cans having an ellipsoidal base offer the further advantage of facilitating the coating process.

[0021] The drug metering valve consists of parts usually made of stainless steel, a pharmacologically inert and propellant resistant polymer, such as acetal, polyamide (e.g., Nylon®), polycarbonate, polyester, fluorocarbon polymer (e.g., Teflon®) or a combination of these materials. Additionally, seals and “O” rings of various materials (e.g., nitrile rubbers, polyurethane, acetyl resin, fluorocarbon polymers), or other elastomeric materials are employed in and around the valve.

[0022] Fluorocarbon polymers for use in the invention include fluorocarbon polymers which are made of multiples of one or more of the following monomeric units: tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), vinyldienefluoride (PVDF), and chlorinated ethylene tetrafluoroethylene. Fluorinated polymers which have a relatively high ratio of fluorine to carbon, such as perfluorocarbon polymers e.g., PTFE, PFA, and FEP, are preferred.

[0023] The fluorinated polymer may be blended with non-fluorinated polymers, such as polyamides, polyimides, polyethersulfones, polyphenylene sulfides and amine-formaldehyde thermosetting resins. These added polymers improve adhesion of the polymer coating to the can walls. Preferred polymer blends are PTFE/FEP/polyamideimide, PTFE/polyethersulphone (PES) and FEP benzoguanamine.

[0024] Particularly preferred coatings are pure PFA, FEP and blends of PTFE and polyethersulphone (PES).

[0025] Fluorocarbon polymers are marketed under trademarks such as Teflon®, Tefzel®, Halar®, Hostaflon®, Polyflon®, and Neoflon®. Grades of polymer include FEP DuPont 856-200, PFA DuPont 857-200, PTFE-PES DuPont 3200-100, PTFE-FEP-polyamideimide DuPont 856P23485, FEP powder DuPont 532, and PFA Hoechst 6900n. The coating thickness is in the range of about 1 μm to about 1 mm. Suitably the coating thickness is in the range of about 1 μm to about 100 μm, e.g., 1 μm to 25 μm. Coatings may be applied in one or more coats.

[0026] Preferably the fluorocarbon polymers for use in the invention are coated onto MDI cans made of metal, especially MDI cans made of aluminium or an alloy thereof.

[0027] The particle size of the particular (e.g., micronised) drug should be such as to permit inhalation of substantially all the drug into the lungs upon administration of the aerosol formulation and will thus be less than 100 microns, desirably less than 20 microns, and, in particular, in the range of 1-10 microns, e.g., 1-5 microns.

[0028] The final drug formulation desirably contains 0.005-10% weight to weight ratio, in particular 0.005-5% weight to weight ratio, especially 0.01-1.0% weight to weight ratio, of drug relative to the total weight of the formulation.

[0029] A further aspect of the present invention is a metered dose inhaler having part or all of its internal metallic surfaces coated with one or more fluorocarbon polymers, optionally in combination with one or more non-fluorocarbon polymers, for dispersing an inhalation drug formulation comprising fluticasone propionate and a fluorocarbon propellant optionally in combination with one or more other pharmacologically active agents and one or more excipients.

[0030] A particular aspect of the present invention is an MDI having part or essentially all of its internal metallic surfaces coated with PFA or FEP, or blended fluoropolymer resin systems such as PTFE-PES with or without a primer coat of a polyamideimide or polyethersulfone for dispensing a drug formulation as defined hereinabove. Preferred drug formulations for use in this MDI consist essentially of fluticasone propionate (or a physiologically acceptable solvate thereof), optionally in combination with one or more other pharmacologically active agents, particularly salmeterol (e.g., in the form of the xinafoate salt), and a fluorocarbon propellant, particularly 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane or mixtures thereof, and especially 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. Preferably the MDI can is made of aluminium or an alloy thereof.

[0031] The MDI can may be coated by the means known in the art of metal coating. For example, a metal, such as aluminum or stainless steel, may be precoated as coil stock and cured before being stamped or drawn into the can shape. This method is well suited to high volume production for two reasons. First, the art of coating coil stock is well developed, and several manufacturers can custom coat metal coil stock to high standards of uniformity and in a wide range of thicknesses. Second, the precoated stock can be stamped or drawn at high speeds and precision by essentially the same methods used to draw or stamp uncoated stock.

[0032] Other techniques for obtaining coated cans is by electrostatic dry powder coating or by spraying preformed MDI cans inside with formulations of the coating fluorinated polymer/polymer blend and then curing. The preformed MDI cans may also be dipped in the fluorocarbon polymer/polymer blend coating formulation and cured, thus becoming coated on the inside and out. The fluorocarbon polymer/polymer blend formulation may also be poured inside the MDI cans then drained out leaving the insides with the polymer coat. Conveniently, for ease of manufacture, preformed MDI cans are spray-coated with the fluorinated polymer/polymer blend.

[0033] The fluorocarbon polymer/polymer blend may also be formed in situ at the can walls using plasma polymerization of the fluorocarbon monomers. Fluorocarbon polymer film may be blown inside the MDI cans to form bags. A variety of fluorocarbon polymers such as ETFE, FEP, and PTFE are available as film stock.

[0034] The appropriate curing temperature is dependent on the fluorocarbon polymer/polymer blend chosen for the coating and the coating method employed. However, for coil coating and spray coating temperatures in excess of the melting point of the polymer are typically required, for example, about 50° C. above the melting point, for up to about 20 minutes such as about 5 to 10 minutes, e.g., about 8 minutes or as required. For the above-named preferred and particularly preferred fluorocarbon polymer/polymer blends curing temperatures in the range of about 300° C. to about 400° C., e.g., about 350° C. to 380° C. are suitable for plasma polymerization typically temperatures in the range of about 20° C. to about 100° C. may be employed.

[0035] The MDIs taught herein may be prepared by methods of the art (e.g., see Byron, above, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,345,980) substituting conventional cans for those coated with a fluorinated polymer/polymer blend. That is fluticasone propionate and other components of the formulation are filled into an aerosol can coated with a fluorinated polymer/polymer blend. The can is fitted with a cap assembly which is crimped in place. The suspension of the drug in the fluorocarbon propellant in liquid form may be introduced through the metering valve as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,345,980, incorporated herein by reference.

[0036] The MDIs with fluorocarbon polymer/polymer blend coated interiors taught herein may be used in medical practice in a similar manner as non-coated MDIs now in clinical use. However the MDIs taught herein are particularly useful for containing and dispensing inhaled drug formulations with hydrofluoroalkanefluorocarbon propellants such as 134a with little, or essentially no, excipient and which tend to deposit or cling to the interior walls and parts of the MDI system. In certain cases it is advantageous to dispense an inhalation drug with essentially no excipient, e.g., where the patient may be allergic to an excipient or the drug reacts with an excipient.

[0037] MDIs containing the formulations described hereinabove, MDI systems and the use of such MDI systems for the treatment of respiratory disorders, e.g., asthma, comprise further aspects of the present invention.

[0038] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications to the invention described herein can readily be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Protection is sought for all the subject matter described herein including any such modifications.

[0039] The following non-limitative Examples serve to illustrate the invention.

EXAMPLES Example 1

[0040] Standard 12.5 ml MDI cans (Presspart Inc., Cary, N.C.) were spray-coated (Livingstone Coatings, Charlotte, N.C.) with primer (Du Pont 851-204) and cured to the vendor's standard procedure, then further spray-coated with either FEP or PFA (DuPont 856-200 and 857-200, respectively) and cured according to the vendor's standard procedure. The thickness of the coating is approximately 10 μm to 50 μm. These cans are then purged of air (see PCT Application No. WO 94/22722 (PCT/EP94/00921)), the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 20 mg fluticasone propionate in about 12 gm P134a is filled through the valve.

Example 2

[0041] Standard 0.46 mm thick aluminum sheet (United Aluminum) was spray-coated (DuPont, Wilmington, Del.) with FEP (DuPont 856-200) and cured. This sheet was then deep-drawn into cans (Presspart Inc., Cary, N.C.). The thickness of the coating is approximately 10 μm to 50 μm. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 40 mg fluticasone propionate in about 12 gm P134A is filled through the valve.

Example 3

[0042] Standard 12.5 ml MDI cans (Presspart Inc., Cary, N.C.) are spray-coated with PTFE-PES blend (DuPont) as a single coat and cured according to the vendor's standard procedure. The thickness of the coating is between approximately 1 μm and approximately 20 μm. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 41.0 mg, 21.0 mg, 8.8 mg or 4.4 mg micronised fluticasone propionate in about 12 g P134a is filled through the valve.

Example 4

[0043] Standard 12.5 ml MDI cans (Presspart Inc., Cary, N.C.) are spray-coated with PTFE-FEP-polyamideimide blend (DuPont) and cured according to the vendor's standard procedure. The thickness of the coating is between approximately 1 μm and approximately 20 μm. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 41.0 mg, 21.0 mg, 8.8 mg or 4.4 mg micronised fluticasone propionate in about 12 g P134a is filled through the valve.

Example 5

[0044] Standard 12.5 ml MDI cans (Presspart Inc., Cary, N.C.) are spray-coated with FEP powder (DuPont FEP 532) using an electrostatic gun. The thickness of the coating is between approximately 1 μm and approximately 20 μm. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 41.0 mg, 21.0 mg, 8.8 mg or 4.4 mg micronised fluticasone propionate in about 12 g P134a was filled through the valve.

Example 6

[0045] Standard 0.46 mm thick aluminium sheet is spray coated with FEP-Benzoguanamine and cured. This sheet is then deep-drawn into cans. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 41.0 mg, 21.0 mg, 8.8 mg, or 4.4 mg micronised fluticasone propionate in about 12 g P134a is filled through the valve.

Example 7

[0046] Standard 12.5 ml MDI cans (Presspart Inc., Cary, N.C.) are spray-coated with an aqueous dispersion of PFA (Hoechst PFA-6900n) and cured. The thickness of the coating is between approximately 1 μm and approximately 20 μm. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 41.0 mg, 21.0 mg, 8.8 mg, or 4.4 mg micronised fluticasone propionate in about 12 g P134a is filled through the valve.

Example 8

[0047] Standard 12.5 ml MDI cans (Presspart Inc., Cary, N.C.) are spray-coated with PTFE-PES blend (DuPont) as a single coat and cured according to the vendor's standard procedure. The thickness of the coating is between approximately 1 μm and approximately 20 μm. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 8.8 mg, 22 mg or 44 mg of micronised fluticasone propionate with about 6.4 mg micronised salmeterol xinafoate in about 12 g P134a is filled through the valve.

Example 9

[0048] Standard 12.5 ml MDI cans (Presspart Inc., Cary, N.C.) are spray-coated with PTFE-FEP-polyamideimide blend (DuPont) and cured according to the vendor's standard procedure. The thickness of the coating is between approximately 1 μm and approximately 20 μm. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 8.8 mg, 22 mg or 44 mg of micronised fluticasone propionate with about 6.4 mg micronised salmeterol xinafoate in about 12 g P134a is filled through the valve.

Example 10

[0049] Standard 12.5 ml MDI cans (Presspart Inc., Cary, N.C.) are spray-coated with FEP powder (DuPont FEP 532) using an electrostatic gun. The thickness of the coating is between approximately 1 μm and approximately 20 μm. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 8.8 mg, 22 mg or 44 mg of micronised fluticasone propionate with about 6.4 mg micronised salmeterol xinafoate in about 12 g P134a is filled through the valve.

Example 11

[0050] Standard 0.46 mm thick aluminium sheet is spray coated with FEP-Benzoguanamine and cured. This sheet is then deep-drawn into cans. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 8.8 mg, 22 mg or 44 mg of micronised fluticasone propionate with about 6.4 mg micronised salmeterol xinafoate in about 12 g P134a is filled through the valve.

Example 12

[0051] Standard 12.5 ml MDI cans (Presspart Inc., Cary, N.C.) are spray-coated with an aqueous dispersion of PFA (Hoechst PFA-6900n) and cured. The thickness of the coating is between approximately 1 μm and approximately 20 μm. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 8.8 mg, 22 mg or 44 mg of micronised fluticasone propionate with about 6.4 mg micronised salmeterol xinafoate in about 12 g P134a is filled through the valve.

Example 13

[0052] Standard 12.5 ml MDI cans (Presspart Inc., Cary, N.C.) are spray-coated with PTFE-PES blend (DuPont) as a single coat and cured according to the vendor's standard procedure. The thickness of the coating is between approximately 1 μm and approximately 20 μm. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 5.5 mg, 13.8 mg or 27.5 mg micronised fluticasone propionate with about 4 mg micronised salmeterol xinafoate in about 8 g P134a is filled through the valve.

Example 14

[0053] Standard 12.5 ml MDI cans (Presspart Inc., Cary, N.C.) are spray-coated with PTFE-FEP-polyamideimide blend (DuPont) and cured according to the vendor's standard procedure. The thickness of the coating is between approximately 1 μm and approximately 20 μm. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 5.5 mg, 13.8 mg or 27.5 mg micronised fluticasone propionate with about 4 mg micronised salmeterol xinafoate in about 8 g P134a is filled through the valve.

Example 15

[0054] Standard 12.5 ml MDI cans (Presspart Inc., Cary, N.C.) are spray-coated with FEP powder (DuPont FEP 532) using an electrostatic gun. The thickness of the coating is between approximately 1 μm and approximately 20 μm. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 5.5 mg, 13.8 mg or 27.5 mg micronised fluticasone propionate with about 4 mg micronised salmeterol xinafoate in about 8 g P134a is filled through the valve.

Example 16

[0055] Standard 0.46 mm thick aluminium sheet is spray coated with FEP-Benzoguanamine and cured. This sheet is then deep-drawn into cans. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 5.5 mg, 13.8 mg or 27.5 mg micronised fluticasone propionate with about 4 mg micronised salmeterol xinafoate in about 8 g P134a is filled through the valve.

Example 17

[0056] Standard 12.5 ml MDI cans (Presspart Inc., Cary, N.C.) are spray-coated with an aqueous dispersion of PFA (Hoechst PFA-6900n) and cured. The thickness of the coating is between approximately 1 μm and approximately 20 μm. These cans are then purged of air, the valves crimped in place, and a suspension of about 5.5 mg, 13.8 mg or 27.5 mg micronised fluticasone propionate with about 4 mg micronised salmeterol xinafoate in about 8 g P134a is filled through the valve.

Examples 18-22

[0057] Examples 3 to 7 are repeated except that a suspension of about 13.3 mg micronised fluticasone propionate in about 21.4 g P227 is filled through the valve.

Examples 23-27

[0058] Examples 3 to 7 are repeated except that 66 mg, or 6.6 mg micronised fluticasone propionate in about 182 mg ethanol and about 18.2 g P134a is filled through the valve.

Examples 28-52

[0059] Examples 3 to 27 are repeated except that modified 12.5 ml MDI cans having a substantially ellipsoidal base (Presspart Inc., Cary, N.C.) were used.

[0060] Dose delivery from the MDIs tested under simulated use conditions is found to be constant, compared to control MDIs filled into uncoated cans, which exhibit a significant decrease in dose delivered through use. 

1-22. (CANCELED)
 23. A process for manufacturing a metered dose inhaler for dispensing an inhalation drug formulation comprising a drug and a fluorocarbon propellant, comprising: providing a metered dose inhaler can having a mouth, a cap for covering the mouth of said can, and a drug metering valve; applying to at least one internal surface of said can, cap or drug metering valve which comes into contact with said inhalation drug formulation, without prior application of a primer thereto, a fluorocarbon polymer, optionally in combination with one or more non-fluorocarbon polymers, to form a coating on said at least one internal surface of said can, cap or drug metering valve; and assembling said can, cap and drug metering valve into a completed metered dose inhaler.
 24. The process according to claim 23, and further comprising the step of introducing into said metered dose inhaler said drug formulation.
 25. The process according to claim 24, wherein said drug formulation is introduced into said can through said valve.
 26. The process according to claim 23, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied to said cap.
 27. The process according to claim 23, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied to said valve.
 28. The process according to claim 23, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied as a coating to an internal surface of said can and said coating is thereafter cured at an elevated temperature.
 29. The process according to claim 28, wherein said can is formed of strengthened aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
 30. The process according to claim 28, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied to an internal surface of said can at a thickness of 1 μm to 1 mm.
 31. A process for manufacturing a metered dose inhaler for dispensing an inhalation drug formulation comprising a drug and a fluorocarbon propellant, comprising: providing a metered dose inhaler can having a mouth, a cap for covering the mouth of said can, and a drug metering valve; applying to an internal surface of said can, which comes into contact with said inhalation drug formulation, a fluorocarbon polymer, optionally in combination with one or more non-fluorocarbon polymers, to form a coating on said internal surface of said can; and assembling said can, cap and drug metering valve into a completed metered dose inhaler, wherein said coating has a thickness of 1 μm to 100 μm.
 32. The process according to claim 31, wherein said coating has a thickness of 1 μm to 25 μm.
 33. The process according to claim 31, wherein a primer is applied to said can before application of said fluorocarbon coating.
 34. The process according to claim 31, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied to said can without prior application of a primer.
 35. The process according to claim 23, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied to said can by electrostatic dry powder coating.
 36. The process according to claim 23, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied to said can by spraying a preformed metered dose inhaler can inside with said fluorocarbon polymer and then curing at an elevated temperature.
 37. The process according to claim 36, wherein curing is conducted at a temperature of 300° C. to 400° C.
 38. The process according to claim 36, wherein curing is conducted at a temperature of 350° C. to 380° C.
 39. The process according to claim 23, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is coated on said can by in situ plasma polymerization at the can walls using fluorocarbon monomer.
 40. The process according to claim 39, wherein plasma polymerization is conducted at a temperature of 20° C. to 100° C.
 41. A process according to claim 24, wherein the fluorocarbon propellant is 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-n-propane or mixtures thereof.
 42. A process according to claim 24, wherein the fluorocarbon propellant is 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.
 43. A process according to claim 23, wherein said can is made of metal wherein part or all of the internal metallic surfaces of the can are coated.
 44. A process according to claim 43, wherein the metal is aluminium or an alloy thereof.
 45. A process according to claim 23, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is a perfluorocarbon polymer.
 46. A process according to claim 45, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is selected from PTFE, PFA, FEP and mixtures thereof.
 47. A process according to claim 24, further comprising fitting said metered dose inhaler into a suitable channeling device for oral or nasal inhalation of the drug formulation.
 48. The process of claim 23, wherein said can comprises side walls and a base of a thickness greater than 0.46 mm and said fluorocarbon polymer is applied to said can.
 49. A process for manufacturing a metered dose inhaler having internal metallic surfaces for dispensing an inhalation drug formulation comprising a particulate drug and a fluorocarbon propellant selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-n-propane and mixtures thereof, comprising: providing a metered dose inhaler can having a mouth, a cap for covering the mouth of said can, and a drug metering valve, wherein said can comprises side walls and a base having a thickness greater than 0.46 mm; forming a coating from a polymer composition comprising one or more fluorocarbon polymers on at least one of said internal metallic surfaces which comes into contact with said inhalation drug formulation without prior application of a primer thereto; and assembling said can, cap and drug metering valve into a completed metered dose inhaler.
 50. The process according to claim 49, and further comprising the step of introducing into said metered dose inhaler said drug formulation.
 51. The process according to claim 49, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied to said cap.
 52. The process according to claim 49, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied to said valve.
 53. The process according to claim 49, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied as a coating to an internal surface of said can and said coating is thereafter cured at an elevated temperature.
 54. The process according to claim 49, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied to said can by spraying a preformed metered dose inhaler can inside with said fluorocarbon polymer and then curing at an elevated temperature.
 55. The process according to claim 54, wherein curing is conducted at a temperature of 300° C. to 400° C.
 56. The process according to claim 54, wherein said coating has a thickness of 1 μm to 1 mm.
 57. The process according to claim 54, wherein said coating has a thickness of 1 μm to 100 μm.
 58. The process according to claim 54, wherein said coating has a thickness of 1 μm to 25 μm.
 59. The process according to claim 23, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied as a part of a polymer composition comprising said fluorocarbon polymer and a non-fluorocarbon polymer.
 60. The process according to claim 28, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied as a part of a polymer composition comprising said fluorocarbon polymer and a non-fluorocarbon polymer.
 61. The process according to claim 31, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied as a part of a polymer composition comprising said fluorocarbon polymer and a non-fluorocarbon polymer.
 62. The process according to claim 43, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied as a part of a polymer composition comprising said fluorocarbon polymer and a non-fluorocarbon polymer.
 63. The process according to claim 49, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied as a part of a polymer composition comprising said fluorocarbon polymer and a non-fluorocarbon polymer.
 64. The process according to claim 53, wherein said fluorocarbon polymer is applied as a part of a polymer composition comprising said fluorocarbon polymer and a non-fluorocarbon polymer. 